项目
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弗吉尼亚的沿海地区是第一个成功的英国殖民地, 英里的海滨白沙大西洋海滩和1.700万人.
它也是美国最大的城市之一.S.该地区最容易受到风暴潮、洪水和海平面上升等破坏性气候变化的影响.
事实上, 根据老道明大学海平面上升中心的研究, the Hampton Roads area is the second-most vulnerable area in the country to rising seas behind New Orleans – and of the more than 400,维吉尼亚州有5000户家庭面临风暴潮破坏的风险, 乔治城气候中心确认其中大部分居住在汉普顿路地区.
波托马克河含水层是该地区地下水的主要来源，是一种有限的自然资源, 这意味着它缺乏足够的自然充电能力. 当水被使用时, 含水层压力降低，导致地面下沉, 或者陆地下沉, 这进一步加剧了该地区对海平面上升和海水污染风险的敏感性. Because Virginians have been using more water than can be naturally replaced in the aquifer throughout the last century (it would take tens of thousands of years for the aquifer to return to its natural state if eastern Virginia were to stop using it today), 需要采取行动保护源头.
每一天, residents and businesses in the region send around 150-million-gallons of wastewater to Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), 这是一家地区性污水处理机构，为弗吉尼亚州东南部的18个县市提供服务. 然后，这些废水被处理到足够干净的水平，以安全返回地区水道, 比如切萨皮克湾. 知道他们的水太宝贵了，不能浪费, HRSD began exploring how they could do more for their community and the greater environment; questioning if there was a better way to reuse treated water than just sending it back toward rivers and the Chesapeake Bay. 斯威夫特项目就是这样诞生的.
In 2013, HRSD向雅各布斯求助，开始评估一个开创性的饮用水再利用项目的概念. 从现有的一般工程服务合同中产生, 我们对斯威夫特的参与已经变成了多年的后续工作, 帮助建立一个旨在保护该地区环境的六阶段计划, enhance the sustainability of the region’s long-term groundwater supply and help address environmental pressures such as Chesapeake Bay restoration, 海平面上升和海水入侵.
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400 K
在海平面上升的情况下，弗吉尼亚州的房屋得到了更好的保护
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90 %
预期减少斯威夫特设施的排放量
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100 M
到2030年，波托马克河蓄水层每天的水量将达到加仑
“未来可持续用水计划对于积极解决水资源问题至关重要。, 环境和经济的需求不仅限于今天, 而是为了子孙后代. 我们知道，弗吉尼亚人需要前瞻性的解决方案来解决当今的问题. Our water is too valuable to waste – and 斯威夫特 allows us to recapture this important resource and use it to address our depleting groundwater supply while addressing multiple other water related environmental challenges.”
一个地区大胆而迅速地应对水资源短缺
对饮用水源的威胁, 比如含水层, polluted water bodies and insufficient storage can be just as devastating as leaky pipes or outdated treatment plants – and with no new water on Earth, 我们不能用一次水.
The 斯威夫特 program began in 2013 with an initial feasibility assessment to identify potential treatment processes to meet drinking water quality standards. We evaluated wastewater treatment plant effluent quality and presented three viable advanced treatment concepts and costs to HRSD. 这些治疗方案中的每一种都提供了针对病原体和有机物的多屏障方法, 哪一个对深度处理和生产安全饮用水至关重要.
We also conducted groundwater modeling scenarios to verify the expected benefits of injecting the recharge water into the Potomac Aquifer, 最终使HRSD能够选择两种处理工艺进行中试.
HRSD elected to perform side-by-side testing of the Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)-based and Reverse Osmosis (RO)-based treatment options to confirm their ability to produce water that exceeds drinking water standards, 为了比较性能. 从2016年6月到2016年12月，在基于ro的试点上进行了试点测试, 而基于gac的试点项目于2016年7月至2017年10月投入运营, 提供足够的时间对同一水源的不同处理方法进行比较. 这两个试验都是在HRSD的约克河处理厂进行的, 这是HRSD七个用于高级水处理和后续地下水注入的候选处理厂之一. 在这个阶段, 我们还协助钻井, development and analysis of two test wells to verify the aquifer hydraulics and water quality and conducted a series of geochemical compatibility analyses to ensure successful injection.
而不是立即全面实施, HRSD elected to proceed with a state-of-the-art 1 MGD demonstration facility using GAC-based treatment located at another one of HRSD’s eligible 斯威夫特 candidates, 南森蒙德处理厂. 基于gac处理工艺的中试性能，研究中心选择了gac处理工艺, 优惠价格, 避免卤水处理和排放的挑战，并预计与本地地下水的兼容性. HRSD will then inject the 斯威夫特 Water into the aquifer and monitor results at the site for one year to inform design criteria for the full-scale facilities. We’re working with HRSD on the required regulatory steps for the future full-scale facilities that will reach over 100-million-gallons per day by 2030.
Our hydraulic modeling suggests that injecting 斯威夫特 Water back into the aquifer may reduce the effects of sea level rise dramatically and positively improve the Potomac Aquifer – which spans across the eastern United States from Georgia to New Jersey. 沿海压力的增加也会减少海水入侵的风险. 斯威夫特基于gac的处理过程的彻底和经过验证的步骤确保了水的可靠性, 保护本地区宝贵的地下水资源. Replenishing the Potomac Aquifer with HRSD’s 斯威夫特 Water can help slow or even reverse the sinking of land due to withdrawals from the source.
在全面实施斯威夫特项目之后, HRSD expects to only need to discharge treated water through existing permitted outfalls into local rivers occasionally during significant storms at the facilities where 斯威夫特 is implemented. 在这些设施中, 斯威夫特将成功消除90%以上的HRSD排放, 减少进入接收流的养分, 然后是切萨皮克湾.
2018年，美国经济增长放缓. S. 水联盟授予斯威夫特享有盛誉的美国.S. 公共部门的水奖, 庆祝其在可持续发展方面取得的杰出成就, 解决水资源挑战的综合和包容性解决方案. 此外，《首页》还向斯威夫特颁发了 2018年度项目优秀奖 适应和恢复气候变化.